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Staphylococcus epidermidis is a coagulase negative, Gram-positive coccus. The organism uses sophisticated regulatory networks to adapt its metabolism to suit varying environmental conditions. S. epidermidis relies on biofilm formation to protect cells from the host immune system and other anti-microbial molecules.

That cell specialization…it’s pretty important.

(From our video)

Medically Important Fungi

Neisseria gonorrhoeae

PMN filled with Neisseria gonorrhoeae => Gram- diplococci, glucose fermenter, non maltose fermenter, oxidase positive.

Very inflammatory response: exudate with high number of PMN. TX with ceftriaxone and always ALWAYS test for Chlamydia trachomatis (since is more common and exudate is similar)

How to tell them apart? 

N. gonorrhoeae’s exudate is more purulent than C. trachomatis.

N. gonorrhoeae’s exudate is “greenish-yellowish” but C. trachomatis’s is whiter.

N. gonorrhoeae is always inside a PMN while C. trachomatis is not 

Grows in Thayer-Martin medium (chocolote agar + antibiotics, is a selective medium)

Remember to use your sponge to replace any bacteria on your dishes accidentally removed by the act of eating.

Microbiology professor (via scienceprofessorquotes)

be patient, good things are coming your way :)

Microbial Genetics

My revised pnemonic for ADP ribosylation A-B toxins

Boring     and      serious      people score high in usmle…

Bordetella pertussis and B.cereus  increases   cAMP by inhibiting Gi

Cool    and     Vibrant   people  also score high…

E. coli  and Vibreo cholerae increases cAMP by  activating Gs

Exception: Please please please remember that  Bacillus anthracis has an edema factor which it self acts as adenylate cyclase…. no ADP ribosylation involved..so hence  cAMP level increases.