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Another Harry Potter Mnemonic (yayyy!!!)

So, whenever I read about this fungi Sporothrix schenckii I think about Bellatrix Lestrange… geti it? 

Sporothrix - Bellatrix

That evil deatheater that killed Sirius Black. But they actually got it wrong in the movie, she doesn’t “Avada Kedavra” him, she just knocked him through that veil where you could hear death people….

Ok, enough with the Harry Potter fact.

To diagnose an infection from Sporothrix schenckii, you have to see this cigar shaped yeasts (from the pus of the lesions), which are the tissue form of the fungi. 

So to remember this, just picture:

“Bellatrix Lestrange smoking a cigar”

(Sporothrix: cigar shaped yeast in pus)

Hi optom! I'm very new to the studyblr community and it's my first term of university. I was a straight A student in high school and i am not performing well in my classes. In fact... I'm doing terribly. About a B to B- average. I know I'm probably not the first to go through so I've been trying to find posts that help students cope with this. Resources. Helpful tips. Is there a tag you can recommend? Any posts that you've encountered/wrote that I could peruse? Thank you very much for any help!

Hey there, thanks for asking. This is actually a very common problem experienced by people as they progress from high school to university. 

The problem is that mediocre study techniques and a combination of natural ability may have gotten you straight As whilst in high school, but it’s just not going to cut it in university. Cracking down on yourself and sitting down for more hours isn’t going to make your grades much better; it’s just doing more of the same mediocre studying. 

So you basically need to read up on good studying techniques and actually apply them to your studies. 

Everything You Need to Cover To Succeed As A Student

I actually have a web directory of all my study tips which already lists all these links.

So because the problem you have at its base is most likely that you’re using high school level techniques to tackle university-level problems, you’ll need to find resources on all areas related to good studying. For some of these areas, I have a related post, but for the more generalised topics like procrastination, I haven’t yet put one out because if I do, I want to be certain that the post will be unique, useful and practical. 

Without further ado, here’s a list of all the tags/areas you should work through and evaluate whether you need to change your current study habits if you want to be a 4.0/HD student at university. 

Firstly, have a read of my recent answer about 20 Things You Can Do To Prepare for University, and click through to any of the parts of my 15-Part University 101 Series. 

Time management

Organisation (see Part 3 Studying and Part 8 Four Secrets from University and Part 11 Adapting to Uni Studying which covers how you can manage university workloads on the whole and specific changes to your studies you should make)

Motivation

Discipline / Staying Focused

Procrastination (see post by @samsstudygram​)

Study Methods (I’ve got one on the Blank Paper Method and the Cornell Method)

Exams (I’ve got a multi-part series in the works)

Study Materials (see Part 2 of my University Series for some tips)

Studying from Textbooks (see Part 12 How To Study From Textbooks in Uni which deals with this specifically)

Self Care (you can see my tag here of my own + useful curated posts)

Spaced Repetition (use Anki!)

Study Space (I have a masterpost with tips here)

Hope that helps! If you have a specific question about any areas then let me know! 

Dose Dependent effects of Dopamine mnemonic

Simplified version of Dopamine’s dose-dependent MAJOR effects:

low doses - activates D1 receptors (Gs) - vasodilates renal blood vessels*

med.doses - activates B1 receptors (Gs) - increases heart rate/contractility etc..

high doses - activates A1 (Gq) - vasoconstricts,

*increased renal perfusion, GFR, also vasodilates mesenteric and coronary vessels 

source: http://reference.medscape.com/drug/intropin-dopamine-342435

Archaea

Archaeans are single-celled and join bacteria to make up the Prokaryotes.  The Archaea classification is a very recent discovery, due to the similarities in appearance and behaviour to bacteria they weren’t separated until the late 1970′s. They mostly live in extreme environments and can be sub grouped: 

Methanogens - produce methane gas as a waste product of their “digestion,” or process of making energy.

Halophiles - live in salty environments.

Thermophiles - live at extremely hot temperatures.

Psychrophiles — those that live at unusually cold temperatures.

Like bacteria, archaea lack a true nucleus. Both bacteria and archaea usually have one DNA molecule suspended in the cell’s cytoplasm contained within a cell membrane. Most, but not all, have a tough, rigid outer cell wall.

use a variety of substances for energy, including hydrogen gas, carbon dioxide and sulfur. 

many archaea thrive in conditions mimicking those found more than 3.5 billion years ago. [eg oceans that regularly reached boiling point — an extreme condition not unlike the hydrothermal vents and sulfuric waters where archaea are found today]

how am i always so behind in my work ??

(i do know the answer to this, it’s called procrastination lmao)

Dr Warhol’s Periodic Table of Microbes

56. Ba. Bacillus

There are more than 300 species of Bacillus, which is a whole whopping load of microbes. Just to wrap your head around that number, if you talked about each one for 1 minute you’d be talking nonstop for 5 hours! Take that TedTalks!

Starting with the basics, these organisms found all over the world, predominantly in soil but microbes go where they please, so they have been found in undersea hydrothermal vents as well as in the stratosphere. They are rod-shaped and form spores.

Just to list a few of the most noteworthy and awesome Bacillus species:

Abyssalis: found more than a mile and a half down at the bottom of the South China Sea.

Anthracis: causative agent of Anthrax, the disease, not the band; death, disease, toxins, yahoo!

Azotofixans: fixes nitrogen.

Canaveralius: StarFleet Academy space bacteria living on the walls of the Kennedy Space Center!

Cereus: you get to play with this in General Microbiology, a pathogen causing foodborne illness.

Decolorationis: for you art history majors, isolated from decaying parts of a mural in the Roman necropolis in Carmona, Spain.

Megaterium: it can consume cave paintings.

Stratosphericus: found in high concentrations orbiting the Earth with satellites around 6 miles up!

Subtilis: the grass bacillus; used for industrial enzyme secretion.

Thuringiensis: absolutely famous for producing the BT toxin used as a natural insecticide.

Bacillus cells are Gram positive rods that measures about 1 micron wide by 4 to 10 microns long, but with more than 300 species you will see a range of sizes.

Everyone needs their own Periodic Table of Microbes from https://www.etsy.com/no-en/shop/WarholScience.

Copyright 2016 Warhol.

Killed, inactivated Vaccines Available in the US

Killed vaccines induce only HUMORAL immunity

RIP   ACE 

R abies

I nfluenza (injected)

P olio (salk)

.

A Hepatitis

C holera 

E ncephalitis viruses (eg Japanese encephalitis)

Neisseria gonorrhoeae

PMN filled with Neisseria gonorrhoeae => Gram- diplococci, glucose fermenter, non maltose fermenter, oxidase positive.

Very inflammatory response: exudate with high number of PMN. TX with ceftriaxone and always ALWAYS test for Chlamydia trachomatis (since is more common and exudate is similar)

How to tell them apart? 

N. gonorrhoeae’s exudate is more purulent than C. trachomatis.

N. gonorrhoeae’s exudate is “greenish-yellowish” but C. trachomatis’s is whiter.

N. gonorrhoeae is always inside a PMN while C. trachomatis is not 

Grows in Thayer-Martin medium (chocolote agar + antibiotics, is a selective medium)

Rx Mnemonics

A nthrax = ACiD

Ci profloxacin

D oxycycline

Tr ichinellosis = TrAM

A lbendazole

M ebendazole

C utaneous Larva Migrans = CIA

I vermectin

A lbendazole

Le ptospirosis = LeAD

A moxicillin

D oxycycline

B rucellosis = BaRDS

Ba ctrim

R ifampicin

D oxycycline

S treptomycin

Ra t Bite Fever = RaPT

P enicillin

T etracycline

Ca t Scratch Disease = CaRAz

R ifampin

Az ithromycin

Ba besiosis = BAAz

A tovaquone

Az ithromycin

18/1/18 - Recent virology notes! Ignore the headings, I bought some new brush pens and I’m still getting used to them..