zynp-krdg
on tumblr just to follow people's art, that's it • she/her
25 posts
Latest Posts by zynp-krdg
Someone else already corrected that Ibn al-Haytham didn't invent camera obscura but he was the first to understand the principle behind it and explain it. They even shared a link. He IS known as the father of modern optics. Sorry I made that one mistake and it was too late to edit when I noticed it. I mentioned it in the comment I made, you could find the person who corrected me from that comment and reach the link. And about Al-Khwarizmi, he did demonstrate completing the square to solve quadratic equations. Even the wikipedia page for "completing the square" specifically points him out.
I did my best to try and summarize these as best as I could and picked figures I thought would be the most interesting to read for people. I had to skip some scholars that I wanted to talk about and many things the scholars I mentioned did, to keep it simple and short.
And yeah, every civilization has its start, its peak, and its end. The Golden Age of Islam is no exception to that. There were great Muslim scholars who came after the Golden Age too (in the Ottoman Empire and other places), but not as many, because a place like Baghdad never came after that. It was one of the most populous cities, and when the Mongol Empire invaded, they slaughtered more than a million people. Libraries were burned, they tortured scholars to death. They demolished the dams on the Tigris and the Euphrates that the Abbasids had built up over a period of five centuries, depressing agriculture and slowing population and economic recovery for many centuries. Like obviously they couldn't just recover and keep doing maths. I think the loss of those libraries and that knowledge is one of the saddest losses in history.
There was also Al-Andalus alongside Baghdad, another incredible (almost unrivaled, Al-Andalus is genuinely fascinating) civilization. (711-1492) And when you consider how Europe built its riches by exploiting and occupying other countries, you gain another perspective on how it might've been more luxurious and comfortable for them without having to work as hard, in the simplest words.
And yes, Muslim polymaths were inspired by not only India but also Greece, Persia, Egypt, they translated many of their works too. Muslim scholars properly credited their predecessors and built upon what was already discovered, unlike Europe, which advanced thanks to the knowledge they got from Muslim scholars, yet a big majority of people don't know now. Some people in a subreddit might know these things but in general education/academia, they are not talked about. Many people genuinely don't know and they can't know if no one teaches them, and this is a good opportunity to do so.
Thanks for the additional information, this was fun. I quite like this post because of the information everyone has been sharing.
was talking to my mom about how white people ignore the contributions of poc to academia and I found myself saying the words "I bet those idiots think Louis Pasteur was the first to discover germ theory"
which admittedly sounded pretentious as fuck but I'm just so angry that so few people know about the academic advancements during the golden age of Islam.
Islamic doctors were washing their hands and equipment when Europeans were still shoving dirty ass hands into bullet wounds. ancient Indians were describing tiny organisms worsening illness that could travel from person to person before Greece and Rome even started theorizing that some illnesses could be transmitted
also, not related to germ theory, but during the golden age of Islam, they developed an early version of surgery on the cornea. as in the fucking eye. and they were successful
and what have white people contributed exactly?
please go research the golden age of Islamic academia. so many of us wouldn't be alive today if not for their discoveries
people ask sometimes how I can be proud to be Muslim. this is just one of many reasons
some sources to get you started:
but keep in mind, it wasn't just science and medicine! we contributed to literature and philosophy and mathematics and political theory and more!
maybe show us some damn respect
I'd like to give a few examples.
🧪The man known as the father of chemistry (or alchemy, our teacher said both are used for him), Jabir ibn Hayyan. He wrote a book named Kitab al-Kimya, "kimya" means chemistry, and the word chemistry originated from that as well. He invented aqua regia, he had the first chemistry lab, discovered the methods of refining and crystallizing nitric acid, hydrogen chloride and sulfuric acid, and discovered diethyl ether, citric acid, acetic acid and tartaric acid. He developed the "retort" and literally introduced the concept of "base" to chemistry.
📐The father/ founder of algebra, Al-Khwarizmi. He wrote a book called Al-Jabr and the word "algebra" comes from "jabr". He presented the first systematic solution of linear and quadratic equations. One of his achievements in algebra was his demonstration of how to solve quadratic equations by completing the square, for which he provided geometric justifications. He introduced the methods of "reduction" and "balancing". The word "algorithm" literally comes from his name. He also produced the first table of tangents.
📐Biruni, who proposed that the radius be accepted as a unit in trigonometric functions and added secant, cosecant and cotangent functions to it. He made many contributions to astronomy that are too detailed for me to write here because this is long enough already, but for medicine, he managed to make a woman give birth by C section. He wrote Kitabu's Saydane which describes the benefits of around 3000 plants and how they are used.
🩺The father of early polymeric medicine, Ibn Sina. His books, The Law of Medicine and The Book of Healing were taught as the basic works in medical science in various European universities until the mid-17th century. He discovered that the eye was made up of six sections and that the retina was important for vision, performed cataract surgery. He performed kidney surgery, diagnosed diabetes by analyzing urine, identified tumors, and worked on diseases such as facial paralysis, ulcers, and jaundice. He used "anesthesia" in surgeries, invented instruments such as forceps and scalpels to remove catheters and tumors. He was the first physician in history to mention the existence of microbes, at a time when there was no microscope. He made contributions to so many fields: astronomy, physics, chemistry, psychology (he suggested treating patients with music).
🩺Al-Zahrawi wrote Kitab al-Tasrif, a thirty-volume encyclopedia of medical practices. The surgery chapter of this work became the standard textbook in Europe for the next five hundred years. He pioneered the use of catgut for internal stitches, and his surgical instruments are still used today to treat people. He did so much work in surgery that I can't write them all here. The first clinical description of an operative procedure for hydrocephalus was given by him, he clearly described the evacuation of superficial intracranial fluid in hydrocephalic children. He was also the first physician to identify the hereditary nature of haemophilia and describe an abdominal pregnancy, a subtype of ectopic pregnancy that in those days was a fatal affliction, and was first to discover the root cause of paralysis.
✈️Abbas ibn Firnas devised a means of manufacturing colorless glass, invented various planispheres, made corrective lenses, devised an apparatus consisting of a chain of objects that could be used to simulate the motions of the planets and stars, designed a water clock, and a prototype for a kind of metronome. He also attempted to FLY, and he did fly a respectable distance but forgot to add a tail to his wings and didn't stick the landing.
Women also became scholars in the Islamic society. An example would be Maryam al-Ijliyya, who was an astronomer and an astrolabe maker, who measured the altitude of celestial bodies with the astrolabes she made. Another example would be Fatima al-Fihri, who founded the oldest university in the world, the University of Qarawiyyin.
Baghdad was the dream place anyone in academia now would want to go, it was a peaceful place of inclusivity and research. So many scholars advanced so many fields of study. Ibn al-Haytham invented camera obscura (and pinhole camera), Ibn al-Nafis was the first to describe the pulmonary circulation of blood, father of robotics Ismail al-Jazari invented the elephant clock and his list of contributions to engineering are so long that I can't write them here...
These are just a few examples, of course. I hope this encourages people to do research on this topic more. I even added some emojis to make this more fun to read.💁🏻♀️
was talking to my mom about how white people ignore the contributions of poc to academia and I found myself saying the words "I bet those idiots think Louis Pasteur was the first to discover germ theory"
which admittedly sounded pretentious as fuck but I'm just so angry that so few people know about the academic advancements during the golden age of Islam.
Islamic doctors were washing their hands and equipment when Europeans were still shoving dirty ass hands into bullet wounds. ancient Indians were describing tiny organisms worsening illness that could travel from person to person before Greece and Rome even started theorizing that some illnesses could be transmitted
also, not related to germ theory, but during the golden age of Islam, they developed an early version of surgery on the cornea. as in the fucking eye. and they were successful
and what have white people contributed exactly?
please go research the golden age of Islamic academia. so many of us wouldn't be alive today if not for their discoveries
people ask sometimes how I can be proud to be Muslim. this is just one of many reasons
some sources to get you started:
but keep in mind, it wasn't just science and medicine! we contributed to literature and philosophy and mathematics and political theory and more!
maybe show us some damn respect
This elderly woman was one of the leaders of demonstrations against the Vietnam War in 1968, when she was a student at Columbia University. Today, 56 years later, she returns to the same place and says, "Palestine must be free."
Texas Governor Abbot, known for his closeness to Israel, sends police and national guards against University of Texas students.
Freedom of the press.
Members of the press are being detained in Texas.
The police attacked pro-Palestine protesters in Ohio State University. The West that had been occupying and oppressing many people around the world has turned on its own people in a heartbeat.
They have also deployed snipers at the university.
This is how a wounded Palestinian, who was shot by an Israeli sniper opposite Nasr Hospital in Gaza, was rescued by a Gazan doctor and her team.
UN sent aid trucks coming to the Kerem Shalom Border Gate to enter Gaza were stopped by Israeli citizens and the passage was prevented.
100 days of genocide! Do not turn away, do not forget, do not get used to this!
A woman was shot by snipers while waving a white handkerchief and walking with her child in Gaza.
SHE WAS WAVING A WHITE HANDKERCHIEF.
WITH HER CHILD.
This is what they do. They do this all the time. This is why the Israeli hostages were shot by the IOF as well, because all they care about is killing.
Bloodthirsty monsters.
The video of IOF soldiers smoking and drinking coffee when they blow up a whole neighborhood in Gaza.
This is the cruelty of Israel and their citizens. They drink blood and enjoy it. They are butchers and murderers.
DON'T STOP TALKING ABOUT PALESTINE.
Tel Aviv Abu Kabir Institute Chief Pathologist Dr. Yehuda Hiss:
•We took Cornea, Skin, Heart Valves and Bones from the bodies of Palestinians.
•Everything was done informally and families were not asked for permission.
•Everything was known to the state.
•In another interview: He explained that doctors glued the patient's eyelids to hide the removal of his cornea.
You see, right? They openly say that we are taking cornea, skin, heart valves, bones, liver, kidneys and vital organs from the bodies of Palestinians.
A Rabbi arrested in America confessed in court that he sold kidneys brought from Israel for 160 thousand dollars in America.
Jews never donate organs, it is forbidden in Judaism. So how does Israel have the world's largest organ and skin bank? Do they grow these organs in farms? They take it from the bodies of Palestinians. Then they kill them and dispose of the bodies.
Israel is the world's largest organ trafficking centre.
And even though the whole world knows about it, they turn a blind eye.
We shouldn't just boycott the brands that support Israel right now, we need to cancel them. We must never go back to consuming certain brands, because some time passes and they make a few discounts and then people forget that their owners didn't change, they didn't change. We need to cancel them forever.
NEVER go to Starbucks. (They admitted putting elephant poop inside their coffee anyway. You can buy more reliable and cleaner coffee or make it yourself with recipes you can find on the internet.) NEVER go to KFC, McDonald's and other fast food companies. (You can find local bussinesses that have healthier and probably more delicious food.) NEVER subscribe to Disney+. (You can pirate.)
NEVER forget what these companies are in reality, at their cores. We can be independent of them. We don't need anything they have to offer. They aren't indispensable. We don't have to let the consumerist values these biggest capitalist corporations of our time are trying to push onto us define our society.
Israeli soldier mocks the young souls they've been killing.
"We are looking for babies but there's no babies left. I killed a girl that was 12 but we are looking for babies."
Released Israeli hostages talk about how Hamas treated them.
They excersized, played arm-wrestling, and the militants taught the children some new games. The militants even gave Ajam a nickname, Salsabil, sweet water that's mentioned in the Quran. They didn't even touch them, as the released hostages here put it "women are like queens to them, so they didn't touch us."
The massive difference between how they were treated by Hamas and how the Palestinians were treated by Israel tells everything. How every Palestinian came with injuries and horror stories to tell, next to the Israeli hostages who are refusing to meet with Netenyahu.
Because of the 4 day long ceasefire some press was finally able to get into the center of Gaza...
Brutality and cruelty is the only way to define this.
Imagine spending millions of dollars to form a perception about Al-Qassam and then they share only one video of truth (which is they treated the hostages very well, from the old woman who thanked them when parting to the other old woman who held their hand, to all the hostages who made thumbs ups.) and suddenly all your perception games are done for. Must really suck to be Israel and its supporters lol.
On the other hand, all the Palestinian hostages said they were tortured, isolated, treated badly. The Israeli army told one woman if she yelled out a slogan for Al-Qassam, then they would arrest her back. The first thing she did was yell out a slogan to support Al-Qassam. They think they can win against people of integrity and courage of this level.
Children aren't children everywhere.
They are martyrs in Gaza.
They are downtrodden in East Turkistan.
They are starved in Yemen.
They are laborers in Africa.
They are orphans in Kashmir.
They are wounded in Rakhine.
A street interview with Israelis about Palestinans from 2017.
These are the "innocent civillians".
People need to learn that most of the Israeli settlers partake in and support the oppression and the genocide. (I mean, "settlers" stole their homes from Palestinians to start with but that's obvious.)
This is a crime against humanity. This is what they are doing in Gaza.
A part from the interview with a woman Hamas had taken as a hostage, Yasmin Porat. She talks about how Hamas treated them, and how Israeli soldiers shot anyone without looking if they were soldiers or hostages. That's how much they care about the hostages.
And history books will say,
There once was Israel,
A terrorist state,
It fought with children,
(This photo is from December 7th, 2017. 14 year old Fevzi El-Junidi was protesting Jerusalem "officially" being accepted as Israel's capital. More than 20 soldiers beat him up, blindfolded him, and arrested him.)
And it was afraid.
Israeli people mocking and celebrating the pain of Palestinians.
"Who does not have water, food and electricity?"
"Gaza!"
Israeli people are singing and dancing to the lyrics:
Gaza, Gaza, Gaza is a cemetery (×2)
There's no school in Gaza
Because there are no children left in Gaza
These are the ones left
They are an extinct species.
Horse riding. Illustration with my OC - prince Heil as a happy kid. Don`t mind big demonic horse nearby. (●'◡'●)