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Gram Negative Aerobic Rods Mnemonic

MICROBIOLOGY MNEMONIC 

BRUno, FRANCISco & COnstantine are BORing PSEUDO LEGIONnaires

Brucella sp 

Francisella tularensis 

Coxiella burnetti

Bortedella pertusis

Pseudomona aeuroginosa

Legionella pneumophila

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Immuno

Microbiology Mnemonic

STD: Chlamydia Trachomatis’ serotypes

“Eye Don't Know why people don’t use condoms”

Most common BACTERIAL STD in the US

Serotypes: D-K : nongonococcal urethritis, cervicitis, PID

Eye: Inclusion conjunctivitis. 

Pneumonia (staccato cough) / Inclussion conjunctivitis in neonates / infants

STD: L imphogranuloma Venereum

L1,2,3

Africa, Asia, South America

Swollen lymph nodes, ulcers, fistulas -> Genital elephantiasis

tr AC homa

A-C serotypes (A,B,Ba,C)

Follicular conjuntivitis -> Conjuntival scarring -> inturned eyelashes -> corneal scarring -> BLINDNESS

Actinomyces israelii

Gram+, anaerobic, non-spore forming, branching rod

Endogenous transmission (dental crevices -bad higiene, dental trauma- ; female genital tract -IUD-)

Dx: branching rods in “sulfur granules”; colonies resemble a molar tooth.

Not painful but very invasive penetrating tissues, including bone.

Draining abscess (sinus tracts) CULTURE THAT PUS

Disease: ACTINOMYCOSIS in low O2 tissues

Cervicofacil: “Lumpy jaw”, mycetoma on jaw line

Pelvic: from IUD

CNS: solitary abscess

Abdominal: qx, trauma

Thoracic: aspiration

Haematology

White Blood Cells (Leukocytes)

Neutrophils, eosinophils and basophils = granulocytes (polymorphonuclear leukocytes)

Monocytes & lymphocyes = mononuclear

Neutrophils

Most numerous (~60% of WBC)

Nucleus divided into lobes

Cytoplasm contains small granules

Stains pink with Romanowsky dyes

Lifespan of 6-10hrs

Exit into tissues - non-specific defence against bacteria and fungi

Eosinophils

1% of circulating leukocytes 

Large cytoplasmic granules - stain strongly with acidic dye eosin

Nucleus is bilobed

Circulate for 4-5hrs

Exit to tissues –> 

Defence against parasites 

Dampen allergic response

Tissue eosinophils are also capable of responding to bacterial and fungal infection in a similar way to neutrophils.

Basophils

Least numerous (<1%)

Large granules stain strongly with basic dye methylene blue

Involved in anaphylactic hypersensitivity and inflammatory reactions

Monocytes

5% of circulating leukocytes

Large cell

Kidney/clefted shaped nucleus

Scattering of delicate azurophilic granules

Circulate for 10hrs

Mature into phagocytic tissue macrophages

Responsible for the removal of aged RBCs and other debris

Process and present antigens to T-lymphocytes 

(Macrophages are formed in response to an infection or accumulating damaged or dead cells. Large, specialized cells that recognize, engulf and destroy target cells.)

Lymphocytes

Second most common leukocyte (33%)

Much less cytoplasm - nucleus almost fills cell

Variable lifespan

Receptors on surface recognise foreign substances

Several types of lymphocyte - click here

Infectious bacterial diseases and where to find them

Elementary body of Chlamydia trachomatis in a conjunctival scrapping in a patient with trachoma: Trachoma is the MCC of preventive global blindness

Prokaryotic cell