Elementary Body Of Chlamydia Trachomatis in A Conjunctival Scrapping In A Patient With Trachoma: Trachoma

DNA viruses Mnemonic

NOT MINE!!!! This brilliant mnemonic was created by the youtuber 100lyric. Here are the videos explaining this super useful visual aid:

“Easy ways to remember DNA viruses”

“Easy ways to remember DNA viruses part 2”

I just recreated the drawing she made and added a couple of things, to remember detaiIs better. 

All DNA viruses are ds except Parvovirus = the viruses that have 2 lines, are double stranded. 

All DNA viruses are linear except Polyomavirus, Papilomavirus, Hepadnavirus= Not drawn with straight lines (Polyoma, Papiloma: circular; Hepadna: semicircular)

All DNA viruses are icosahedral except Poxvirus= that’s why is in a different color (green). This virus is a complex, diamond shape virus.

All DNA viruses replicate in the nucleus except Poxvirus = that’s why I drew something inside the diamond shape virus, to represent the DNA-dependant RNA polymerase.

Like I said, this is NOT MY MNEMONIC! But it helped me a lot, and now it’s so easy for me to remember this viruses! Please, go subscribe to her channel, is amazing!!!! 100lyric

And If you need a mnemonic to remember RNA viruses, click here and here.

Hope this helps! 

Me this week

Scale of Infectious Dose def: the AMOUNT of pathogen (ie NUMBER of organisms) required for cause infection in a host.

New background! Download higher quality photo here!

https://drive.google.com/file/d/1F5SlJmB8YiNNtGuKrc-QtMnrrjZ1tOHL/view?usp=sharing

Palmoplantar Rash - Secondary Syphilis

classically a generalised polymorphic rash

usually non-itchy, often affecting palms + soles

important to exclude HIV seroconversion

similar appearance to “target lesions” of erythema multiforme

diagnosis —> syphilis serology

hey! could you do a study tips post on studying w friends who aren't doing the same subjects? like, how to make good flashcards/questions and answers etc so they can quiz you and give you hints etc even if they don't know the content?

How to Effectively Study with Friends

Using Flash Cards

Oh easy peasy! Simply write examination style questions on your flashcards - that way when your friends read the questions out to you, you’ll be testing yourself in a way that might show up on the easier exam questions. Reason being that in order to cover all the topics, your questions will tend to be somewhat simple e.g. describe the different components of x, explaining how they related to y. Obviously, flash cards aren’t the best way to study more complex interrelationships between ideas/concepts, which should be explored more in a mind map fashion. For tips on mind maps, you can check out my briefing here. 

Using Your Existing Study Notes

Other than flash cards, if you intend to study in groups for most subjects, one of the best ways to do that is to use the Cornell Notetaking System (which you can read about with my personal tips here). Writing the questions out as you study saves you the trouble of writing out questions for your friends to test you on, and as well as that, means you can test yourself almost as well without them for any times when you’re studying solitary. 

Using Essay or Long Response Questions

For long response essays, it’s better to use principles like the rubber duck method, i.e. explaining how concepts relate to each other as if the other person doesn’t know anything about it. So give your friends a list of essay questions and explain part by part in a logical sequential order how you would answer that question e.g. I would talk about the involvement of person A in event B, and explain their impact through examples C, D and E, etc. 

Choosing the Right Study Group 

Most of all, make sure you rally and encourage each other. Work with people who are like-minded, rotate between each other and have someone who will keep the others on task when you start getting too carried away when studying. Having a goal on what you intend to get finished during a group study session will make sure you always get more out of the session than studying alone!

Hope that helps! ^_^

Micobacterium tuberculosis DX

Auramine-Rhodamine staining bacilli: fluorescent apple green (sensitive but not specific). If positive, do acid fast.

Acid Fast

Lowenstein-Jensen medium: aerobic, slow growing (2-3weeks)

PPD or Mantoux Test: measure 48-72h after. POSITIVE: >/= 5mm in VIH+ pts, >/=10mm in high risk population (IVDA, poverty, immigrants from high TB area, physicians, nurses), >/=15mm in low risk population

Positive indicates exposure, but not necessarily active disease.

Quantiferon-TB Gold Test: measures IF-gamma

Niacin producers

Catalase negative at 68° and catalase active at body T°

No serodiagnosis

(Day 4/100 days of productivity) - Haemophilus Influenzae card!

Today was mostly spent working on research, textbooks, but and making flashcards like this for microbiology!

Clostridium botulinum

Gram+, anaerobe, spore forming, motile rods

Botulin toxin (botox) inhibits the release of ACh and produces a flacid paralysis.

Adults ingest the toxin from poorly heated canned food (labile toxin, 60° 10minutes): weakness, diplopia, flacid paralysis and respiratory muscles involved, vomiting, diarrhea.

Infants ingest the spore from the dust or honey and form the toxins in the gut: constipation, weak crying, weak feeding, flacid paralysis and rapid respiratory involvement

Wound: traumatic implantation (assoc. w/ IVDA; uncommon), same symptoms without GI symptoms. Debridement, no closure.