Latest Posts by t-b-a-blr-blog - Page 4

Micobacterium leprae

Acid Fast, OBLIGATE INTRACELLULAR ROD, optimal growth in less than body T°

Dx: punch bx, nasal scrapings, acid fast stain, NO CULTURE, lepromin skin test

Mucosa, nerves, skin (significant reservoirs)

Armadillos (Texas, Louisiana)

TUBERCULOID LEPROSY

Strong CMI (Th1)

Positive Lepromin Test

Low number of bacili

Fewer lesions: macular, nerve enlargement, paresthesia

Damage from immune response (granuloma formation, nerve enlargement, damage => loss of sensation)

Tx: Dapsone + Rifampin

BORDERLINE LEPROSY

LEPROMATOUS LEPROSY

Weak CMI (Th2)

Negative Lepromin Test

High number of bacili

Numerous lesions: nodular, leonine facies, loss of eyebrows, destruction of nasal septum, paresthesias)

Damage from large number of bacili (nerve damage from overgrowth, loss of sensation)

Tx: Dapsone + Rifampin + Clofazimine

Dapsone for contacts (prevention)

Gram Negative Aerobic Rods Mnemonic

MICROBIOLOGY MNEMONIC 

BRUno, FRANCISco & COnstantine are BORing PSEUDO LEGIONnaires

Brucella sp 

Francisella tularensis 

Coxiella burnetti

Bortedella pertusis

Pseudomona aeuroginosa

Legionella pneumophila

PSEUDOmonas aeroginosa.

Pneumonia 

Sepsis (black lesion on skin).

External otitis (swimmers ear)

UTI,Drug use .

Diabetic osteomylitis

Aminoglycoside„,extended spectrum penicillin(pipracilin,ticarcillin)

Think pseudomonas in burn victims

Neisseria gonorrhoeae

PMN filled with Neisseria gonorrhoeae => Gram- diplococci, glucose fermenter, non maltose fermenter, oxidase positive.

Very inflammatory response: exudate with high number of PMN. TX with ceftriaxone and always ALWAYS test for Chlamydia trachomatis (since is more common and exudate is similar)

How to tell them apart? 

N. gonorrhoeae’s exudate is more purulent than C. trachomatis.

N. gonorrhoeae’s exudate is “greenish-yellowish” but C. trachomatis’s is whiter.

N. gonorrhoeae is always inside a PMN while C. trachomatis is not 

Grows in Thayer-Martin medium (chocolote agar + antibiotics, is a selective medium)

Cysteine Growth Requirements

MICROBIOLOGY MNEMONIC

BoyFriend Lost Penis

B rucella

F rancisella

L egionella

P asteurella

or….

The four sisters “Ella” worship in the “cystein” chapel

Brucella

Francisella

Legionella

Pasteurella

Satellite phenomenon of Haemophilus influenzae around Staphilococcus aureus in blood agar

desmosome a circular, dense body that forms the site of attachment between certain epithelial cells, especially those of stratified epithelium of the epidermis, which consist of local differentiations of the apposing cell membranes.

-Exfoliatin

A staphylococcus toxin - Cleaves the desmosomes in the stratum granulosum - Separates layers of skin. - Example: Scalded skin syndrome (occurs more often in infants)

Elementary body of Chlamydia trachomatis in a conjunctival scrapping in a patient with trachoma: Trachoma is the MCC of preventive global blindness

Petechial hemorrhages on palms of hand in Rocky mountain spotted fever due to Rickettsia rickettsii: In RMSF, the petechial rash begins on the palms and spreads to the trunk.

Tick vectors

Ixodes:

Lyme disease: Borrelia burgdorferi 

Babesiosis: Babesia microti

Granulocytic Erlichiosis: Erlichia phagocytophila

Dermacentor: 

Tularemia: Francisella tularensis

Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever: Ricketsia rickettsii

Colorado Tick Fever: CTFVirus (Reovirus)

Amblyomma (lone star tick)

Monocytic Erlichiosis: Erlichia chaffeensis

Palmoplantar Rash - Secondary Syphilis

classically a generalised polymorphic rash

usually non-itchy, often affecting palms + soles

important to exclude HIV seroconversion

similar appearance to “target lesions” of erythema multiforme

diagnosis —> syphilis serology

Tick-Borne Diseases

Live, attenuated Vaccines Available in the US

Live vaccines induce HUMORAL & CELL-MEDIATED immunity

MRS.  V.Z.  FYI  MAP

M umps / M easles

R ubella

S mallpox

.

V aricella Z oster

.

F rancisella tularensis

Y ellow Fever

In fluenza (intranasal)

.

M icobaterium bovis (BCG)

A denovirus

P olio (sabin)

Killed, inactivated Vaccines Available in the US

Killed vaccines induce only HUMORAL immunity

RIP   ACE 

R abies

I nfluenza (injected)

P olio (salk)

.

A Hepatitis

C holera 

E ncephalitis viruses (eg Japanese encephalitis)

Most Common facts about infectious diseases

1. Most common cause of septic arthritis in a person less than 40 years old = Gonococcus 2. Most common cause of osteomyelitis in general population = S. aureus 3. Most common cause of osteomyelitis in Sickle Cell patients = Salmonella 4. Most common cause of osteomyelitis due to nail-puncture wounds = Pseudomonas (V.Imp!) 5. Most common parasitic infection of the brain = Neurocysticercosis 6. Most common cause of Encephalitis in USA = Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV) 7. Most common cause of dysentry in the USA = C. jejuni (undercooked poultry) 8. Second most cause of dysentry in the USA = Shigella (daycare centers) 9. Most common cause of pneumonia in nursing home residents = S. pneumoniae 10. Most common cause of malignant otitis externa = P. aeruginosa 11. Most common risk for contracting HIV in USA= Intravenous Drug Use 12. Most common presenting Manifestation of AIDs = P. carinii pneumonia 13. Most common cause of Menigitis in adolescents = N. Gonorhhaea 14. Most common cause of Meningitis in the USA = Streptococcus pneumoniae 15. Most common Neurological Manifestation of Lyme Disease = Facial Nerve palsy! 16. Most common Cardiac manifestation of Lyme Disease = AV Heart Block 17. Most Common viral STD in the USA = HPV ! 18. Most Common Complication of Mumps in Pre-pubertal Children = Encephalitis 19. Most Common Complication of Mumps in Pubertal and Post-Pubertal Adults (and Males) = Orchitis

Microbiology Genetics

Transformation

Conjugation:  F+ –> F-  &  Hfr –> F-

Transposition 

Transduction: Generalized   &  Specialized

Hey everyone!

 Here (x) is my Microbiology note! Sorry for the delay; I’ve been pretty busy these past few days. Have a lovely week!

BACTERIAL MENINGITIS Timeline, Organisms, Presentation

Rx Mnemonics

A nthrax = ACiD

Ci profloxacin

D oxycycline

Tr ichinellosis = TrAM

A lbendazole

M ebendazole

C utaneous Larva Migrans = CIA

I vermectin

A lbendazole

Le ptospirosis = LeAD

A moxicillin

D oxycycline

B rucellosis = BaRDS

Ba ctrim

R ifampicin

D oxycycline

S treptomycin

Ra t Bite Fever = RaPT

P enicillin

T etracycline

Ca t Scratch Disease = CaRAz

R ifampin

Az ithromycin

Ba besiosis = BAAz

A tovaquone

Az ithromycin

Schematic of gram positive diplococci (Streptococcus pneumoniae): Note that the diplococci are lancet shaped

Positives are violet in color and negatives are red or pink on gram stain! My untidy handwritten notes here.

Scale of Infectious Dose def: the AMOUNT of pathogen (ie NUMBER of organisms) required for cause infection in a host.

Hope it helps @shreeparn  :)

Medically Important Bacteria: Clasification

Virus Classification

Medically Important Fungi

Parasitology

Microbial Genetics

Microbiology Mnemonics

Pneumonia & Meningitis Timelines